Artistic stone carving in architecture

Reliefs, bas-reliefs, high reliefs, carved columns of enormous size and giant sculptures that decorated the entrances to temples still amaze the mind. In the temple complex of Luxor, built in the era of the New Kingdom (XVI-XI centuries BC), you can see an alley of sphinxes, 4 colossi, numerous carved columns with lotus-shaped and papyrus-shaped capitals, and a multi-meter obelisk covered with hieroglyphs (the 2nd was taken to Paris by Napoleon). The temple of Ramses II in Abu Simbel (now in Nubia) is another famous document of stone-cutting art. This temple was carved into a sandstone rock of approx. 1279-1213 BC, the entrance to it is flanked by four 20-meter sculptures protruding from the rock - 3 seated deities and the pharaoh himself, below there are high-relief (when the convex figure protrudes half) images of family members, the facade is also decorated with contour carving of hieroglyphs. Artistic stone carving in culture.

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Stupas and cave temples have been known since the 3rd century BC as the earliest surviving buildings in India, since the court of King Ashoka gave a powerful impetus to the development of the art of stone carving.

Masters of later times studied on the samples of Ancient Greece and Rome. Such buildings as the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople(532-537), San Marco in Venice (1094), Gothic cathedrals of different countries (XII-XIV centuries) amaze with a rich imagination, sophistication and virtuoso skill of ancient architects and stonecutters. Artistic stone carving was valued in architecture.

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Since ancient times, the most beautiful buildings were cult ones. They were built of stone and their external, and sometimes internal, walls were often decorated with various details with fancy carvings. Ornaments, reliefs, sculptural groups covered the walls entirely or accentuated only individual details - entrance portals. The columns framing the entrance could be decorated with decorative carvings, or only the capitals made of natural stone were carved.

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